Polar Ice Cap - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The mass of ice present in the polar ice caps is (2.50 × 10 16 m 3)(917 kg/m 3)(2.2046 lbm/kg) = 5.05 × 10 19 lbm = 2.53 × 10 16 tons. Since a ton of refrigeration is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by melting 1 ton of ice at 0.00°C at atmospheric pressure in one 24.0 h day, melting the earth's polar ice caps at 0.00°C in a 24.0 h ...
Polar Cap - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
For a long time the martian polar caps were thought to consist of water ice or snow by analogy to the polar caps on Earth. This was the opinion of most Mars observers, even after 1947 when Gerard Kuiper found evidence of solid carbon dioxide on Mars from telescopic observations: he discovered two relatively strong absorption bands near 1.6 μm ...
Glaciers and ice caps: Vulnerable water resources in a warming …
2013年12月1日 · The cryosphere is the frozen component of the Earth system, in which frozen water is bound in snow, ice sheets, ice-caps, glaciers, lake and river ice, frozen ground (seasonally or as permafrost) and sea ice [1]. The large polar ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland together with smaller glaciers and ice caps in mountain regions worldwide ...
Shrinking ice caps, rising oceans - ScienceDirect
2019年3月4日 · The melting ice caps will affect life on Earth in multiple aspects that may interact with each other in complex ways we cannot yet predict. Nicholas Golledge from the University of Wellington, New Zealand, and colleagues from several other countries have recently presented modelling studies attempting to predict the impact of ice melting on the ...
Polar Cap - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
2015年3月16日 · In general, annual average polar cap temperatures increase relative to equatorial temperatures as obliquity increases. At very low obliquity (<10–20° depending on the precise values of polar cap albedo and thermal emissivity), the carbon dioxide atmosphere collapses onto permanent carbon dioxide ice polar caps. Orbital calculations indicate ...
The evidence and implications of polar ice during the Mesozoic
1999年11月1日 · The Earth has a long glacial history, extending from the Present back into the Archean. The Mesozoic perhaps represents the longest period of warmth during Phanerozoic history and although undoubtedly punctuated by oscillations of climate, whether these are sufficient to lead to cooling and the formation of polar ice has been widely debated (e.g., Barron, 1983; Kemper, 1987; Crowley and North ...
Should we geoengineer larger ice caps? - ScienceDirect
2015年9月1日 · In particular, the polar ice caps reflect away a portion of sunlight reaching the surface and help to mediate global temperature. Larger ice caps would serve to reflect away more sunlight and thereby cool the climate, so SRM geoengineering could be used over an extended period of time for the purpose of permanently increasing the size of the ...
Interannual and seasonal changes in the north polar ice deposits …
By Ls 114, the albedo (∼0.45 in Band 3) was again similar to the values observed on the top of the polar dome on Gemini Lingula. The lack of ice signature followed by increased water ice coverage is also seen in the OMEGA data of Langevin et al. (2005) from Ls 93–98 to Ls 107–110, and CRISM data from Ls 80–86 (Brown et al., 2012) to Ls ...
Massive destabilization of an Arctic ice cap - ScienceDirect
2018年11月15日 · Ice advanced 8 km, accelerated to 25 m/day and thinned at a rate of about 0.3 m/day. • Bedrock below ice cap is mostly above sea level. • Ice is likely mostly frozen to the bedrock. • This type of ice cap has not been seen to behave this way before. • Ramifications for other polar ice caps and glaciers.
Three-dimensional radar imaging of structures and craters in the ...
2018年7月1日 · SHARAD observations on thousands of orbital passes by MRO over Planum Boreum and Planum Australe have enable the construction of 3-D data volumes encompassing the Martian polar ice caps. Each volume has undergone 3-D migration processing, an imaging method that corrects off-nadir returns (clutter) and properly position internal structures while ...